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		<doi>10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114029</doi>
		<issn>0269-7491</issn>
		<citationkey>RibeiroSBFYMOSSKAMSDMS:2020:EnCaMo</citationkey>
		<title>Impact of biomass burning on a metropolitan area in the Amazon during the 2015 El Nino: the enhancement of carbon monoxide and levoglucosan concentrations</title>
		<year>2020</year>
		<month>May</month>
		<typeofwork>journal article</typeofwork>
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		<author>Ribeiro, Igor O.,</author>
		<author>Santos, Erickson O. dos,</author>
		<author>Batista, Carla E.,</author>
		<author>Fernandes, Karenn S.,</author>
		<author>Ye, Jianhuai,</author>
		<author>Medeiros, Adan S.,</author>
		<author>Oliveira, Rafael L. e,</author>
		<author>Sá, Suzane S. de,</author>
		<author>Sousa, Thaiane R. de,</author>
		<author>Kayano, Mary Toshie,</author>
		<author>Andreoli, Rita V.,</author>
		<author>Machado, Cristine de M. D.,</author>
		<author>Surratt, Jason D.,</author>
		<author>D. Júnior, Sergio,</author>
		<author>Martin, Scot T.,</author>
		<author>Souza, Rodrigo A. F. de,</author>
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		<group>DIDMD-CGCPT-INPE-MCTIC-GOV-BR</group>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Harvard University</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Harvard University</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>University of North Carolina</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Harvard University</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA)</affiliation>
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		<electronicmailaddress>mary.kayano@inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<journal>Environmental Pollution</journal>
		<volume>260</volume>
		<pages>e114029</pages>
		<secondarymark>A1_SAÚDE_COLETIVA A1_INTERDISCIPLINAR A1_GEOGRAFIA A1_GEOCIÊNCIAS A1_ENGENHARIAS_III A1_ENGENHARIAS_I A1_CIÊNCIAS_AMBIENTAIS A1_CIÊNCIAS_AGRÁRIAS_I A1_BIODIVERSIDADE A2_QUÍMICA A2_MEDICINA_II A2_MATEMÁTICA_/_PROBABILIDADE_E_ESTATÍSTICA A2_FARMÁCIA A2_ENGENHARIAS_II A2_CIÊNCIAS_BIOLÓGICAS_II A2_CIÊNCIAS_BIOLÓGICAS_I A2_BIOTECNOLOGIA A2_ARQUITETURA_E_URBANISMO B2_ENSINO C_ZOOTECNIA_/_RECURSOS_PESQUEIROS</secondarymark>
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		<keywords>Amazon drought, El Nino Southern Oscillation, Air pollution, Forest fire, Manaus.</keywords>
		<abstract>Extreme droughts associated with changes in the climate have occurred every 5 years in the Amazon during the 21st century, with the most severe being in 2015. The increase in biomass burning (BB) events that occurred during the 2015 drought had several negative socioeconomic and environmental impacts, one of which was a decrease in the air quality. This study is an investigation into the air quality in the Manaus Metropolitan Region (MMR) (central Amazon, Brazil) during the dry (September to October) and wet (April to May) seasons of 2015 and 2016. A strong El Nino event began during the wet season of 2015 and ended during the wet season of 2016. Particulate matter samples were collected in the MMR during 2015 and 2016, and analyses of the satellite-estimated total carbon monoxide (CO) column and observed levoglucosan concentrations were carried out. Levoglucosan has been shown to be significantly correlated with regional fires and is a well-established chemical tracer for the atmospheric particulates emitted by BB, and CO can be treated as a gaseous-phase tracer for BB. The number of BB events increased significantly during the El Nino period when compared to the average number during 2003 -2016. Consequently, the total CO column and levoglucosan concentration values in the MMR increased by 15% and 500%, respectively, when compared to the normal conditions. These results indicate that during the period that was analyzed, the impacts of BB were exacerbated during the strong El Nino event as compared to the non-El Nino period. In this study, we provided evidence that the air quality in the MMR will degrade in the future if droughts and BB occurrences continue to increase.</abstract>
		<area>MET</area>
		<language>en</language>
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